Comparison of human brain metabolite levels using 1H MRS at 1. 5T and 3. 0T / Comparação dos níveis de metabólitos cerebrais utilizando espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética em 1. 5T e 3. 0T

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the human brain has proven to be a useful technique in several neurological and psychiatric disorders and benefits from higher scanners as signal intensity and spectral resolution are proportional to the magnetic strength. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the magnetic on the measurement of brain metabolites in a typical routine clinical setting. METHODS: Single voxel spectra were acquired from the posterior cingulate cortex in 26 healthy subjects. Each subject was scanned consecutively at 1.5T and 3.0T in a randomly distributed order. RESULTS: SNR and peak width improvements were observed at higher s. However, SNR improvement was lower than the theoretical two-fold improvement. Other than the values obtained for creatine (Cre) and myo-Inositol (mI), which were both higher at 3.0T, all metabolite concentrations obtained were roughly the same at both strengths. All the metabolite concentrations were estimated with a Cramer Rao lower bounds (CRLB) lower than 15% of the calculated concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the present study supports the expected benefits of higher strength for MRS, there are several factors that can lead to different quantitative results when comparing 1.5T to 3.0T MRS. Future comparative studies are necessary to refine the metabolite thresholds for early detection and quantification of distinct neurological and psychiatric disorders using 3.0T MRS.

Espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética (MRS) tem se mostrado uma técnica bastante útil em diversas doenças neurológicas e psiquiátricas. A utilização de sistemas de mais alto campo magnético favorece essa técnica uma vez que a intensidade do sinal e a resolução espectral são proporcionais à intensidade do campo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do campo magnético sobre a medida dos níveis dos metabólitos cerebrais em uma típica rotina clínica. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram obtidos em 26 indivíduos saudáveis nos sistemas de 1.5T e 3.0T. As aquisições foram feitas sequencialmente e a ordem foi distribuida randomicamente.RESULTADOS: Foram observadas melhoras na relação sinal-ruído (SNR) e na largura de linha dos picos nos dados obtidos em campo maior. No entanto, a melhoria na SNR foi menor que o esperado teoricamente que seria o dobro da obtida em 1.5T. Exceto pelos valores obtidos para creatina e mio-inositol, que foram maiores em 3.0T, todas as concentrações de metabólitos obtidas foram aproximadamente a mesmo em ambos os campos. Todas as concentrações de metabólitos foram estimadas com Cramer Rao lower bounds (CRLB) inferior a 15% das concentrações calculadas. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de o presente estudo dar suporte aos benefícios gerados pelo aumento do campo para a técnica de MRS, existem fatores que podem levar a diferentes resultados quantitativos quando se compara espectroscopia em 1.5T e 3.0T. Estudos comparativos serão necessários para refinar os limiares dos níveis de metabólitos para melhorar a acurácia da detecção de doenças neurológicas utilizando espectroscopia em 3.0T.

The cerebral correlates of set-shifting: an fMRI study of the trail making test

The trail making test (TMT) pertains to a family of tests that tap the ability to alternate between cognitive categories. However, the value of the TMT as a localizing instrument remains elusive. Here we report the results of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of a verbal adaptation of the TMT (vTMT). The vTMT takes advantage of the set-shifting properties of the TMT and, at the same time, minimizes the visuospatial and visuomotor components of the written TMT. Whole brain BOLD fMRI was performed during the alternating execution of vTMTA and vTMTB in seven normal adults with more than 12 years of formal education. Brain activation related to the set-shifting component of vTMTB was investigated by comparing performance on vTMTB with vTMTA, a simple counting task. There was a marked asymmetry of activation in favor of the left hemisphere, most notably in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 6 lateral, 44 and 46) and supplementary motor area/cingulate sulcus (BA 6 medial and 32). The intraparietal sulcus (BA 7 and 39) was bilaterally activated. These findings are in line with clinico-anatomic and functional neuroimaging data that point to a critical role of the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortices as well as the intraparietal sulci in the regulation of cognitive flexibility, intention, and the covert execution of saccades/anti-saccades. Many commonly used neuropsychological paradigms, such as the Stroop, Wisconsin Card Sorting, and go - no go tasks, share some patterns of cerebral activation with the TMT